A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez [summary]

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, is a story that examines the human response to those who are weak, dependent, and different. The story highlights human nature-related curiosity, greed and cruelty. The story is taken from the class 12 English textbook. The following summary, analysis, and exercise will help the readers for understanding the text. For the readers’ convenience, the original story, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez has also been mentioned.


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A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings in short

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez takes place in an unnamed Latin American town during an unspecified period. The story tells the tale of Elisenda and Pelayo, husband and wife who encounter an old man with enormous wings who just fell from the sky.

Complete summary of A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez

The story begins at Elisenda and Pelayo's house. Elisenda and Pelayo are husband and wife. They live in a small house near the courtyard. They have a newborn baby. The baby was sick and thus needs special care. It was raining outside for the past three days. Since the baby was sick, Pelayo and Elisenda are worried about their child’s health. As their house was near the sea (courtyard) many crabs were killed due to rain and some of them were also in Pelayo's home.

Pelayo thought that the baby was sick because of those crabs. So, Pelayo began to throw those crabs into the sea. When Pelayo was returning from the sea, he found a suspicious thing crawling in the mud. Pelayo went closer to the suspicious thing. As he went nearer, he found an old man with unnatural wings on his back lying in a miserable condition. He was covered with mud and his wings were also torn up. He was in very bad condition.

Pelayo thought it was unreal so he called his wife Elisenda from home to see the strange-looking old man. Pelayo tried to talk with the old man. Pelayo's neighbor, who knew about life and death, was called to identify the old man. The neighbor came to the old man and told Elisenda that the old man was an angel and he is here to save the child from negative power. After they kept the old man in their home the next day the baby was also no sick and he also ate food.

Pelayo and Elisenda took pity upon the old man, especially after their child’s recovery. They thought that the old man was an angel because their baby was completely fine. Father Gonzaga, the local priest, told the people that the old man was possibly not an angel because he was untidy and didn't speak Latin. Father Gonzaga decided to ask his bishop for guidance.

The old man’s existence spread quickly and pilgrims from all over came to seek advice and healing from him. 

Now the news was spread all over the village people had different beliefs about the old man some told that he was a devil some told that he was an angel. Not only in the village but the news was spread in other villages too. People from many villages came to see the old man and every day Elisenda would get tired. Elisenda now told Pelayo that they should charge money to the visitors to see the old man. Pelayo was convinced by Elisenda and they charged 5 cents to each visitor. They made a fence so that visitors could see the old man nicely.

The old man, ignored the people even when they pluck his feathers and hit him with stones to make him stand up. The old man lay motionless for so many hours that visitors thought he was dead. He became furious when the visitors sear him with a branding iron to see whether he was alive. The only supernatural power old man had was patience. He was in pain but he didn't show any sign of pain to people. He sat in a corner. After a few hours, he was awake but with tears in his eyes. He was not able to even walk he was crawling all day.

The visitors started to disperse when a carnival was organized and a suspicious woman, whose half body was a spider and the half body was of human, was brought into that carnival. It was said that she had disobeyed her parents and thus she became a spider. The sad tale of the spider woman was so popular that people forgot the old man. Now the center of the attraction of that village was that spider woman but not the old man.

Pelayo and Elissenda have grown quite rich from the money they collected as admission fees. Pelayo quit his job and built a new and larger house. The old man continued to stay with the couple, still in the chicken coop. He stayed there for several years till the boy grew older to go to school. Once the chicken coop eventually collapsed and the old man moved into the adjacent shed. The old man often moved from room to room inside the new house. Elisenda was annoyed with the old man.

As the days passed, the old man’s health was seen deteriorating. He could scarcely eat and his eyes had also become so unclear that he went about bumping into posts. Pelayo and Elisenda were convinced that the old man would die. Just then, he began to regain his strength. His feathers began to grow on his wings and he began to sing sea chanteys to himself at night. One morning Elisenda was cutting some bunches of onions for lunch, the old man stretched his wings and took off into the air and she watched him disappear over the horizon.

Major Characters in the story A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings

The Old Man: An old man with enormous wings appeared in the yard of Pelayo and Elisenda. The old man was dirty and bedraggled (soiled and stained). The old man spoke a foreign language that nobody could understand. His body looked like a human but had unnatural wings on his back. When a doctor examined him, he was shocked that such an unhealthy man was still alive.

His unintelligible language made some people believe that he is an angel. The church considered him to be a Norwegian. The old man’s wings were damaged when he was found lying in the mud at first. However, by the end of the story, the old man has recovered enough to fly away.

Pelayo: Pelayo was the one who first saw the old man lying in his courtyard. He rushed to call his wife when he encountered the mysterious old man. Throughout the story, Pelayo was kinder to the old man. Despite his neighbor woman’s suggestion, he didn’t club the old man. But he put the supposed angel (old man) in his chicken coop and charge money to the crowds who went to see the old man.

Elisenda: Elisenda is wife of Pelayo. She initiated the idea to charge money for the curious visitors. Elisenda’s attitude towards the old man was primarily one of irritation and anger. Elisenda considered him only as trouble. The old man, in fact, helped the poor couple generate enough money and made them capable to buy a new house. The couple built a two-story mansion with balconies and gardens and high netting so that crabs wouldn't get in during the winter, and with iron bars on the windows so that angels wouldn't get in. But Elisenda never credited the old man for their financial rise. In the end, Elisenda watched the old man fly away.

About the writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-2014) was Colombian-born Spanish American journalist, novelist, and short story writer. He is regarded as the literary volcano of the nineteen sixties and an exponent of a new narrative style known as magical realism. His novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) is taken as a classical example of magical realism. Marquez is one of the best novelists of world literature and perhaps the best in Spanish literature. For many readers, Gabriel Garcia Marquez and magical realism as synonymous  with each other. Magical Realism is a mode of narrative in which real and fantastic, natural and supernatural, are coherently represented in a state of equivalence. Marquez’s other best-known novels are No One Writes to the Colonel (1961), Love in the Time of Cholera (1985), and Memories of my Melancholy Whores (2004). The story ‘A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings’ was first published in 1955.

About the story A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings

‘A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings’ is a magical realist story which examines the human response to those who are weak, dependent, and different. The story shows human nature-related curiosity, greed and cruelty.

This story belongs to the genre of ‘magical realism’, a genre perfected by Gabriel Garcia Marquez in his novels and short stories. Magical realism is a narrative technique in which the story-teller narrates the common place things with magical colour and the events look both magical and real at the same time.

Understanding the text

Before reading

Discuss the following questions.

a. Have you ever visited a place to see something strange or unusual? If yes, what is it?

b. How do clever people take advantage of common people’s gullibility?

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings [Original text]

On the third day of rain, they had killed so many crabs inside the house that Pelayo had to cross his drenched courtyard and throw them into the sea, because the newborn child had a temperature all night and they thought it was due to the stench. The world had been sad since Tuesday. Sea and sky were a single ash-  gray thing and the sands of the beach, which on March nights glimmered like powdered light, had become a stew of mud and rotten shellfish. The light was so weak at noon that when Pelayo was coming back to the house after throwing away the crabs, it was hard for him to see what it was that was moving and groaning in the rear of the courtyard. He had to go very close to see that it was an old man, a very old man, lying face down in the mud, who, in spite of his tremendous efforts, couldn't get up, and impeded by his enormous wings.

Frightened by that nightmare, Pelayo ran to get Elisenda, his wife, who was putting compresses on the sick child, and he took her to the rear of the courtyard. They both looked at the fallen body with a mute stupor. He was dressed like a ragpicker. There were only a few faded hairs left on his bald skull and very few teeth in his mouth, and his pitiful condition of a drenched great-grandfather took away and sense of grandeur he might have had. His huge buzzard wings, dirty and half-plucked were forever entangled in the mud. They looked at him so long and so closely that Pelayo and Elisenda very soon overcame their surprise and in the end found him familiar. Then they dared speak to him, and he answered in an incomprehensible dialect with a strong sailor's voice. That was how they skipped over the inconvenience of the wings and quite intelligently concluded that he was a lonely castaway from some foreign ship wrecked by the storm. And yet, they called in a neighbor woman who knew everything about life and death to see him, and all she needed was one look to show them their mistake.

"He's an angel," she told them. "He must have been coming for the child, but the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down."

On the following day, everyone knew that a flesh-and-blood angel was held captive in Pelayo's house. Against the judgment of the wise neighbor woman, for whom angels in those times were the fugitive survivors of a spiritual conspiracy, they did not have the heart to club him to death. Pelayo watched over him all afternoon from the kitchen, armed with his bailiff's club, and before going to bed he dragged him out of the mud and locked him up with the hens in the wire chicken coop. In the middle of the night, when the rain stopped, Pelayo and Elisenda were still killing crabs. A short time afterward the child woke up without a fever and with a desire to eat. Then they felt magnanimous and decided to put the angel on a raft with fresh water and provisions for three days and leave him to his fate on the high seas. But when they went out into the courtyard with the first light of dawn, they found the whole neighborhood in front of the chicken coop having fun with the angel, without the slightest reverence, tossing him things to eat through the openings in the wire as if weren't a supernatural creature but a circus animal.

Father Gonzaga arrived before seven o'clock, alarmed at the  strange news. By  that time onlookers less frivolous than those at dawn had already arrived and they were making all kinds of conjectures concerning the captive's future. The simplest among them thought that he should be named mayor of the world. Others of sterner mind felt that he should be promoted to the rank of five-star general in order to win all wars. Some visionaries hoped that he could be put to stud in order to implant the earth a race of winged wise men who could take charge of the universe. But Father Gonzaga, before becoming a priest, had been a  robust woodcutter. Standing by  the wire, he reviewed his catechism in an instant and asked them to open the door so that he could take a close look at that pitiful man who looked more like a huge decrepit hen among the fascinated chickens. He was lying in the corner drying his open wings in the sunlight among the fruit peels and breakfast leftovers that the early risers had thrown him. Alien to the impertinences of the world, he only lifted his antiquarian eyes and murmured something in his dialect when Father Gonzaga went into the chicken coop and said good morning to him in Latin. The parish priest had his first suspicion of an imposter when he saw that he did not understand the language of God or know how to greet His ministers. Then he noticed that seen close up he was much too human: he had an unbearable smell of the outdoors, the back side of his wings was strewn with parasites and his main feathers had been mistreated by terrestrial winds, and nothing about him measured up to the proud dignity of angels. Then he came out of the chicken coop and in a brief sermon warned the curious against the risks of being ingenuous. He reminded them that  the devil had the bad habit of making use of carnival tricks in order to confuse the unwary. He argued that if wings were not the essential element in determining the different between a hawk and an airplane, they were even less so in the recognition of angels. Nevertheless, he promised to write a letter to his bishop so that the latter would write his primate so that the latter would write to the Supreme Pontiff in order to get the final verdict from the highest courts.

His prudence fell on sterile hearts. The news of the captive angel spread with such rapidity that after a few hours the courtyard had the bustle of a marketplace and they had to call in troops with fixed bayonets to disperse the mob that was about to knock the house down. Elisenda, her spine all twisted from sweeping up so much marketplace trash, then got the idea of fencing in the yard and charging five cents admission to see the angel.

The curious came from far away. A traveling carnival arrived with a flying acrobat who buzzed over the crowd several times, but no one paid any attention to him because his wings were not those of an angel but, rather, those of a sidereal bat. The most unfortunate invalids on earth came in search of health: a poor woman who since childhood has been counting her heartbeats and had run out of numbers; a Portuguese man who couldn't sleep because the noise of the stars disturbed him; a sleepwalker who got up at night to undo the things he had done while awake; and many others with less serious ailments. In the midst of that shipwreck disorder that made the earth tremble, Pelayo and Elisenda were happy with fatigue, for in less than a week they had crammed their rooms with money and the line of pilgrims waiting their turn to enter still reached beyond the horizon.

The angel was the only one who took no part in his own act. He spent his time trying to get comfortable in his borrowed nest, befuddled by  the hellish heat of  the oil lamps and sacramental candles that had been placed along the wire. At first they tried to make him eat some mothballs, which, according to the wisdom of the wise neighbor woman, were the food prescribed for angels. But he turned them down, just as he turned down the papal lunches that the pentinents brought him, and they never found out whether it was because he was an angel or because he was an old man that in the end ate nothing but eggplant mush. His only supernatural virtue seemed to be patience. Especially during the first days, when the hens pecked at him, searching for the stellar parasites that proliferated in his wings, and the cripples pulled out feathers to touch their defective parts with, and even the most merciful threw stones at him, trying to get him to rise so they could see him standing. The only time they succeeded in  arousing him was when they burned  his side with an iron for branding steers, for he had been motionless for so many hours that they thought he was dead. He awoke with a start, ranting in his hermetic language and with tears in his eyes, and he flapped his wings a couple of times, which brought on a whirlwind of chicken dung and lunar dust and a gale of panic that did not seem to be of this world. Although many thought that his reaction had not been one of rage but of pain, from then on they were careful not to annoy him, because the majority understood that his passivity was not that of her taking his ease but that of a cataclysm in repose.

Father Gonzaga held back the crowd's frivolity with formulas of maidservant inspiration while awaiting the arrival of a final judgment on the nature of the captive. But the mail from Rome showed no sense of urgency. They spent their time finding out in the prisoner had a navel, if his dialect had any connection with Aramaic, how many times he could fit on the head of a pin, or whether he wasn't just a Norwegian with wings. Those meager letters might have come and gone until the end of time if a providential event had not put an end to the priest's tribulations.

It so happened that during those days, among so many other carnival attractions, there arrived in the town the traveling show of the woman who had been changed into a spider for having disobeyed her parents. The admission to see her was not only less than the admission to  see the angel, but people were permitted to  ask  her all manner of questions about her absurd state and to examine her up  and  down so that no one would ever doubt the truth of her horror. She was a frightful tarantula the size of a ram and with the head of a sad maiden. What was most heartrending, however, was not her outlandish shape but the sincere affliction with which she recounted the details of her misfortune. While still practically a child she had sneaked out of her parents' house to go to a dance, and while she was coming back through the woods after having danced all night without permission, a fearful thunderclap rent the sky in tow and through the crack came the lightning bolt of brimstone that changed her into a spider. Her only nourishment came from the meatballs that charitable souls chose to toss into her mouth. A spectacle like that, full of so much human truth and with such a fearful lesson, was bound to defeat without even trying that of a haughty angel who scarcely deigned to look at mortals. Besides, the few miracles attributed to the angel showed a certain mental disorder, like the blind man who didn't recover his sight but grew three new teeth, or the paralytic who didn't get to walk but almost won the lottery, and the leper whose sores sprouted sunflowers. Those consolation miracles, which were more like mocking fun, had already ruined the angel's reputation when the woman who had been changed into a spider finally crushed him completely. That was how Father Gonzaga was cured forever of his insomnia and Pelayo's courtyard went back to being as empty as during the time it had rained for three days and crabs walked through the bedrooms.

The owners of the house had no reason to lament. With the  money they saved they built a two-story mansion with balconies and gardens and  high netting so  that crabs wouldn't get in during the winter, and with iron bars on the windows so that angels wouldn't get in. Pelayo also set up a rabbit warren close to town and have up his job as a bailiff for good, and Elisenda bought some satin pumps with high heels and many dresses of iridescent silk, the kind worn on Sunday by the most desirable women in those times. The chicken coop was the only thing that didn't receive any attention. If they washed it down with creolin and burned tears of myrrh inside it every so often, it was not in homage to the angel but to drive away the dungheap stench that still hung everywhere like a ghost and was turning the new house into an old one. At first, when the child learned to walk, they were careful that he not get too close to the chicken coop. But then they began to lose their fears and got used to the smell, and before the child got his second teeth he'd gone inside the chicken coop to play, where the wires were falling apart. The angel was no less standoffish with him than with the other mortals, but he tolerated the most ingenious infamies with the patience of a dog who had no illusions. They both came down with the chicken pox at the same time. The doctor who took care of the child couldn't resist the temptation to listen to the angel's heart, and he found so much whistling in the heart and so many sounds in his kidneys that it seemed impossible for him to be alive. What surprised him most, however, was the logic  of his wings. They seemed so natural on that completely human organism that he couldn't understand why other men didn't have them too.

When the child began school it had been some time since the sun and rain had caused the collapse of the chicken coop. The angel went dragging himself about here and there like a stray dying man. They would drive him out of the bedroom with a broom and a moment later find him in the kitchen. He seemed to be in so many places at the same time that they grew to think that he'd be duplicated, that he was reproducing himself all through the house, and the exasperated and unhinged Elisenda shouted that it was awful living in that hell full of angels. He could scarcely eat and his antiquarian eyes had also become so foggy that he went about bumping into posts. All he had left were the bare cannulae of his last feathers. Pelayo threw a blanket over him and extended him the charity of letting him sleep in the shed, and only then did they notice that    he had a temperature at night, and was delirious with the tongue twisters of an old Norwegian. That was one of the few times they became alarmed, for they thought he was going to die and not even the wise neighbor woman had been able to tell them what to do with dead angels.

And yet he not only survived his worst winter, but seemed improved with the first sunny days. He remained motionless for several days in the farthest corner of the courtyard, where no one would see him, and at the beginning of December some large, stiff feathers began to grow on his wings, the feathers of a scarecrow, which looked more like another misfortune of decrepitude. But he must have known the reason for those changes, for he was quite careful that no one should notice them that no one should hear the sea chanteys that he sometimes sang under the stars. One morning Elisenda was cutting some bunches of onions for lunch when a wind that seemed    to come from the high seas blew into the kitchen. Then she went to the window and caught the angel in his first attempts at flight. They were so clumsy that his fingernails opened a furrow in the vegetable patch and he was on the point of knocking the shed down with the ungainly flapping that slipped on the light and couldn't get a grip on the air. But he did manage to gain altitude. Elisenda let out a sigh of relief, for herself and for him, when she watched him pass over the last houses, holding himself up in some way with the risky flapping of a senile vulture. She kept watching him even when  she was through cutting the onions and she kept on watching until it was no longer possible for her to see him, because then he was no longer an annoyance in her life but an imaginary dot on the horizon of the sea.

Glossary [word meaning]

compress (v.)

squeeze or press

stupor (n.):

a state in which a person’s thoughts are not clear e.g., drunken stupor, feverish stupor

castaway (n.):

ashore as a survivor of a shipwreck

celestial (adj.):

belonging or relating to the heaven

magnanimous (adj.):

a generous or forgiving towards enemies or less powerful rivals

reverence (n.):

deep respect for someone or something

conjecture (n.):

an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information

catechism (n.):

religious instruction, especially in Roman catholic

decrepit (adj.):

ruined because of age or neglect

impertinence (n.):

lack of respect

antiquarian (adj.):

relating to the antiques (old and rare things)

imposter (n.):

a person who pretends to be someone else

ingenuous (adj.):

innocent and unsuspecting

Supreme Pontiff (n.):

The Pope (Roman catholic)

befuddled (adj.):

utterly confused

sacramental (adj.)

related to Christian religious ceremony

pentinent (n.) :

person who repents of a sin

cataclysm (n.):

a large scale and violent event in natural or cultural history

Aramaic (n.):

a language

providential (adj.):

occurring to a favorable time

tribulation (n.):

a state of great trouble

outlandish (adj.):

that looks or sounds unfamiliar

thunderclap (n.):

a crash of thunder

creolin (n.):

a kind of disinfectant

myrrh (n.):

a fragrant gum resin obtained from certain trees and used, especially in perfumery, medicines, and incense

standoffish (adj.):

unfriendly

exasperate (v.):

irritate/worsen

Question answer [A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings]

Answer the following questions.

a. How does the narrator describe the weather and its effects in the exposition of the story?

b. Describe the strange old man as Palayo and his wife first encounter within their courtyard.

c. Why did Pelayo and Elisenda imprison the old man in the chicken coop?

d. Why was Father Gonzaga not sure about the old man being a celestial messenger?

e. Many people gathered at Palayo’s house to see the strange old man. Why do you think the crowd assembled to see him?

f. Some miracles happened while the crowd gathers to see the strange man. What are these miracles?

g. State the irritating things that the people did with the strange old man.

h. How and why was the woman changed into a spider?

i. Describe how Elisenda saw the strange man flying over the houses.

Reference to the context

a. The arrival of a strange old man at Palayo’s courtyard arouses many suspicions and explanations. Explain how the neighbour woman, Father Gonzaga and the doctor speak of the strange man. Why do you think these three people give three different kinds of interpretations?

 b. This story belongs to the genre of ‘magical realism’, a genre perfected by Gabriel Garcia Marquez in his novels and short stories. Magical realism is a narrative technique in which the story-teller narrates the common place things with magical colour and the events look both magical and real at the same time. Collect five magic realist happenings from the story and argue why they seem magical to you.

c. The author introduces the episode of a woman who became a spider for having disobeyed her parents. This episode at once shifts people’s concentration from the strange old man to the spider woman. What do you think is the purpose of the author to bring this shift in the story?

d. The story deals with the common people’s gullibility. How do Palayo and his wife take advantage of common people’s whim?

Reference beyond the text

a. An irresistible crowd queues at Palayo’s house for many days simply to look at the strange old man. Narrate an episode from your experience or from another story where people assemble in crowds, not for any noble cause.

b. The taste of children is different from grown-ups. What are the elements in the story that make ‘The Old Man with Enormous Wings’ a children’s story?

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